The Rome Statute was adopted in 1998, and established the International Criminal Court. The Review Conference of the Rome Statute in Kampala, Uganda, held from 31 May to 11 June 2010 considered proposed amendments to the Statute.

The Review Conference of the Rome Statute adopted the amendments on the crime of aggression on 11 June 2010 by Resolution RC/Res.6. The crime of aggression amendments amends the Rome Statute so as to include a definition of the crime of aggression and the conditions under which the Court may exercise its jurisdiction over the crime. The crime of aggression amendment entered into force on 17 July 2018 by Resolution ICC-ASP/16/Res.5. 

In accordance with the Rome Statute, the crime of aggression amendment enters into force for those States Parties which have accepted the amendment one year after the deposit of their instruments of ratification or acceptance. In the case of a State Party referral or proprio motu investigation (investigation initiated by the Prosecutor’s own initiative) the Court shall not exercise its jurisdiction regarding a crime of aggression when committed by a national or on the territory of a State Party that has not ratified or accepted the amendment.